weekly assignment(8):Is Your School's Culture Toxic or Positive?你的學校文化是有毒還是正向的?

CHANGING A TOXIC CULTURE

改造有毒文化

According to Peterson, schools with a negative, or toxic, culture 根據Peterson所述，具有負面、有毒文化的學校：

• lack a clear sense of purpose  欠缺明確的目標意識
• have norms that reinforce inertia 擁有增強惰性的陋規
• blame students for lack of progress 責怪學生缺乏上進心
• discourage collaboration 阻擋彼此合作
• often have actively hostile relations among staff. 成員間彼此常有活躍的敵對關係

In fighting such a negative culture, Peterson tells Education World, "to begin with, the staff must assess the underlying norms and values of the culture and then as a group activity, work to change them to have a more positive, supportive culture."

Peterson告訴教育世界，如果要跟這麼負面的文化對抗，“一開始，成員必須衡量一下潛規則以及文化的價值，然後視之為團體活動，努力去改變它們，以擁有更正面，支持的文化”。

WHAT CAN ADMINISTRATORS DO? 行政者能做甚麼？

Principals need to "read the school," Peterson suggests. They must talk to storytellers on the staff to discern what kind of history the school has. Staff and administrators need to examine what they have learned about the school culture, and then they must ask two questions:

Peterson建議校長必須 “閱讀學校”。他們必須告訴說故事者如何教導教職員工辨識學校曾擁有過甚麼豐功偉業。教職員和行政人員必須檢示自己關於學校文化自己已經學到甚麼，然後必須自問兩個問題：

• What aspects of the culture are positive and should be reinforced? 正面且應該受到增強的文化觀點為何？
• What aspects of the culture are negative and harmful and should be changed? 負面有害且應該受到改變的文化觀點為何？

In "Positive or Negative?" Peterson shared ways in which principals and staff leaders can nurture the school culture's positive aspects. They include the following:

在“正向或負向？”Peterson分享校長和教職員工領導者能夠培育學校文化的正向觀點的方法。包含下列各點：

• Celebrate successes in staff meetings and ceremonies. 在教職員工會議或典禮上慶祝成功
• Tell stories of accomplishment and collaboration whenever there's an opportunity. 一逮到機會就說說達成任務和團結合作的故事
• Use clear, shared language created during professional development to foster a commitment to staff and student learning. 在專業發展時使用清楚，分享的語言，去培養對教職員和學生學習的承諾

When administrators and staff collaborate in a strong push to foster an environment in which learning blooms, Peterson concluded, they will decrease such negatives as student misbehavior and faculty grousing and create an overall positive school culture with a flourishing staff and students.

Peterson總結說：當行政者和教職員工擁有強烈的進取心，合作以孕育一個學習興盛期的環境時，他們會減少像學生偏差行為和成員抱怨這類的負向觀念並且創造一個擁有生氣勃勃的教職員工和學生的全面正向學校文化。

WANT TO LEARN MORE? 想知道更多？

Positive or Negative? 正向或負向？
The culture of a school is always active, either positively or negatively influencing adult and student learning,., suggests in this Journal of Staff Development article. "Being able to understand and shape the culture is key to a school's success in promoting staff and student learning."

一個學校文化總是主動，或正向或負向地影響成人和學生學習，Kent D. Peterson, Ph.D在Journal of Staff Development文章中建議。“能夠了解和型塑文化是學校邁向提升教職員工和學生學習的成功關鍵”。

Shaping School Culture: The Heart of Leadership型塑學校文化：領導之心
A brief summary of this book, says authors Terrence E. Deal and Kent D. Peterson, shows how school leaders can use the power of school culture to create a vibrant, cooperative spirit and a school "persona."

作者Terrence E. Deal and Kent D. Peterson說：這本書的短文摘要指出學校領導者能夠使用學校文化的力量去創造一個充滿活力的合作精神和學校角色。

Shaping School Culture Fieldbook型塑學校文化專書
By Terrence E. Deal and Kent D. Peterson (Jossey-Bass, 2002), this book provides solid methods, questions to contemplate, and group activities for a school's staff to use in assessing and changing its culture.

Terrence E. Deal and Kent D. Peterson (Jossey-Bass, 2002)所著，這本書提供了具體的方法，對問題仔細思量，以及給學校教職員工的團隊活動以使用評估和改變其文化。

以上文章譯自http://www.educationworld.com/a_admin/admin/admin275.shtml

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