weekly assignment(12) Conflict Resolution Programs in Schools

Conflict Resolution Programs in Schools

校內衝突解決方案

PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS 方案成效

Evaluation. Since the programs around the nation are relatively new, there are no quantitative studies of their impact available yet. The International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution has completed a longitudinal study, to be published in 1992.

評價。既然方案在全國各地還算相當新穎，因此相關的量化研究尚未出現。國際合作和衝突解決中心已經完成了一項的縱貫研究，並擬於1992年出版。

Students report that they feel better about themselves and safer at school. They handle conflicts quickly, sometimes taking only minutes to deal with situations. Many schools report that student mediators help solve large numbers of disputes (in New York, they resolve an average of 100 disputes a year at each school in the program) and that the disputes remain settled in the vast majority of cases. Often the best student mediators are those who had been considered troublemakers.

學生反應說他們在學校的感覺好多了，而且也較有安全感。他們快速地處理衝突，有時候只花幾分鐘就可以處理好衝突狀況。許多學校反應說學生調解員協助解決很多紛爭（在紐約，在本方案中的每一所學校裡，他們一年平均解決了100件紛爭）而且在絕大多數的案件裡紛爭都能圓滿解決。最出色的學生調解員時常都是曾經被視為是麻煩製造者的那些人。

Teachers report fewer fights and more caring student behavior. Administrators, noticing improved attendance and a dramatic decline in the number of suspensions, find that they spend less time on disciplinary matters.

教師則反應校園內打架事件少了而關懷學生行為越來越多。注意到學生出席率有進步而且輟學人數大幅下滑的行政人員，發現他們在處理學生紀律事件上所花費的時間越來越少。

One of the long-term benefits of this new approach is that students, teachers, and parents can arrive at a change in attitude toward conflict: they progress from seeing it as either a problem to be swept under the rug or an opening for confrontation (both of which are harmful) to seeing it as a process that defines values and leads to growth.

這項新方法的長期助益之一是學生，教師和父母在對衝突的態度上能夠有所改變：從對衝突置之不理或公然對抗的態度（兩者皆有害），逐漸進步成將衝突視為是一種可以定義價值或促進成長的過程。

Key Components. Conflict resolution programs are best used as part of a long-range comprehensive plan to improve the learning climate at a school and to teach students alternatives to violence. Thus, conflict resolution should be included as a regular part of the school programs and curricula.

關鍵要素。衝突解決方案最好是作為長期全面性計劃裡的一部分以改善學校的學習氣候和教導學生除了使用暴力處理衝突之外的替代方式。因此，衝突解決應該做為學校正式方案和正式課程的一部分。

THE FUTURE OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION 未來的衝突解決

Training. Although there is a growing body of practice and theory, the conflict resolution movement is less than ten years old. Conflict resolution is not yet part of the curriculum in the vast majority of colleges of education. Inservice teacher training for these programs comes from outside consultants and is limited; as a result, teachers are not trained in conflict resolution as extensively as they are in their subject areas.

訓練。雖然有越來越多的實務和理論出現，衝突解決運動仍然少於十年。衝突解決尚未成為絕大多數教育學院課程的一部分。對這些方案的教師在職培訓是交由外面的顧問來訓練而且受到限制；因此，教師所接受的衝突培訓並未能像他們在本身學科領域所接受的訓練一樣內容廣泛。

Funding. Since most of the money for school programs has come from outside sources, a key concern is whether they can become self-sustaining. Institutionalizing conflict resolution theory and practices by absorbing them into the administrative and managerial structure of the school, and infusing them into as much of the curricula as possible, would not only help contain costs. It would help everyone in the school (staff, parents, and students) integrate conflict resolution into their lives

資金募集。由於多數學校方案的資金都是來自於外部的資源，主要關鍵在於它們（方案）是否能夠自我維持。制度化的衝突解決理論和實務透過合併它們（資金）成為學校的行政和管理架構，而且盡可能地把它們（資金）挹注到課程中，不僅有助於控制成本。它也幫助在校的每一個人（團隊成員，父母和學生）將衝突解決融入到他們的生活中。

資料來源：

http://www.ericdigests.org/1992-5/conflict.htm

本譯文僅做課堂上學術交流討論使用，特此聲明。